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  <channel>
    <title>Laboratory of Organic Photonics and Iontronics</title>
    <link>/physics/lopi/</link>
    <description/>
    <language>en</language>
    
    <item>
  <title>Abhishake Goyal</title>
  <link>/physics/lopi/abhishake-goyal</link>
  <description>
&lt;span&gt;Abhishake Goyal&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang about="/physics/lopi/users/owhdig" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype&gt;owhdig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;time datetime="2021-10-21T12:05:54-04:00" title="Thursday, October 21, 2021 - 12:05"&gt;Thu, 10/21/2021 - 12:05&lt;/time&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-surname field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Last name&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Goyal&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-given-name field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;First name&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Abhishake&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-position field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Position / job title&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;MSc Candidate&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-phone field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Phone&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;613-533-6000 ext. 74793&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-email field--type-email field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Email&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;20ag20@queensu.ca&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-about field--type-text-with-summary field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Âé¶¹ÍøÕ¾&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="h2"&gt;Research Interests:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;TBA&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-office field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Office location&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Stirling Hall 206A&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-department field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Department&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;The Department of Physics, Engineering Physics &amp;amp; Astronomy&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-unit field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Unit&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;LOPI (Laboratory of Organic Photonics and Iontronics)&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
</description>
  <pubDate>Thu, 21 Oct 2021 16:05:54 +0000</pubDate>
    <dc:creator>owhdig</dc:creator>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">52 at /lopiwww</guid>
    </item>
<item>
  <title>Chaobei Tong</title>
  <link>/physics/lopi/chaobei-tong</link>
  <description>
&lt;span&gt;Chaobei Tong&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang about="/physics/lopi/users/owhdig" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype&gt;owhdig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;time datetime="2021-10-21T11:59:32-04:00" title="Thursday, October 21, 2021 - 11:59"&gt;Thu, 10/21/2021 - 11:59&lt;/time&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-surname field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Last name&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Tong&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-given-name field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;First name&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Chaobei&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-position field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Position / job title&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;MSc Candidate&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-phone field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Phone&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;613-533-6000 ext. 74793&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-email field--type-email field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Email&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;chaobei.tong@queensu.ca&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-about field--type-text-with-summary field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Âé¶¹ÍøÕ¾&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="h2"&gt;Research Interests:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;TBA&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-office field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Office location&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Stirling Hall 206A&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-department field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Department&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;The Department of Physics, Engineering Physics &amp;amp; Astronomy&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-unit field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Unit&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;LOPI (Laboratory of Organic Photonics and Iontronics)&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
</description>
  <pubDate>Thu, 21 Oct 2021 15:59:32 +0000</pubDate>
    <dc:creator>owhdig</dc:creator>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">51 at /lopiwww</guid>
    </item>
<item>
  <title>Dongze Wang</title>
  <link>/physics/lopi/dongze-wang</link>
  <description>
&lt;span&gt;Dongze Wang&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang about="/physics/lopi/users/owhdig" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype&gt;owhdig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;time datetime="2021-10-21T11:57:18-04:00" title="Thursday, October 21, 2021 - 11:57"&gt;Thu, 10/21/2021 - 11:57&lt;/time&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-surname field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Last name&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Wang&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-given-name field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;First name&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Dongze&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-position field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Position / job title&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;PhD Candidate&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-phone field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Phone&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;613-533-6000 ext. 74793&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-email field--type-email field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Email&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;18dw11@queensu.ca&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-about field--type-text-with-summary field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Âé¶¹ÍøÕ¾&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="h2"&gt;Research Interests:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;TBA&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-office field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Office location&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Stirling Hall 206A&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-department field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Department&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;The Department of Physics, Engineering Physics &amp;amp; Astronomy&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-unit field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Unit&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;LOPI (Laboratory of Organic Photonics and Iontronics)&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
</description>
  <pubDate>Thu, 21 Oct 2021 15:57:18 +0000</pubDate>
    <dc:creator>owhdig</dc:creator>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">50 at /lopiwww</guid>
    </item>
<item>
  <title>Shiyu (Sirius) Hu</title>
  <link>/physics/lopi/shiyu-sirius-hu</link>
  <description>
&lt;span&gt;Shiyu (Sirius) Hu&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang about="/physics/lopi/users/owhdig" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype&gt;owhdig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;time datetime="2021-10-21T11:48:15-04:00" title="Thursday, October 21, 2021 - 11:48"&gt;Thu, 10/21/2021 - 11:48&lt;/time&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-surname field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Last name&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Hu&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-given-name field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;First name&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Shiyu (Sirius)&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-position field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Position / job title&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;PhD Candidate&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-phone field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Phone&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;613-533-6000 ext. 74793&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-email field--type-email field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Email&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;shiyu.hu@queensu.ca&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-about field--type-text-with-summary field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Âé¶¹ÍøÕ¾&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="h2"&gt;Research Interests:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;TBA&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-office field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Office location&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Stirling Hall 206A&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-department field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Department&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;The Department of Physics, Engineering Physics &amp;amp; Astronomy&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-unit field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Unit&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;LOPI (Laboratory of Organic Photonics and Iontronics)&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
</description>
  <pubDate>Thu, 21 Oct 2021 15:48:15 +0000</pubDate>
    <dc:creator>owhdig</dc:creator>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">49 at /lopiwww</guid>
    </item>
<item>
  <title>Jun Gao</title>
  <link>/physics/lopi/jun-gao</link>
  <description>
&lt;span&gt;Jun Gao&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang about="/physics/lopi/users/owhdig" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype&gt;owhdig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;time datetime="2021-10-21T11:13:51-04:00" title="Thursday, October 21, 2021 - 11:13"&gt;Thu, 10/21/2021 - 11:13&lt;/time&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

            &lt;div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item"&gt;  &lt;img loading="lazy" src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/people_directory_page_image/public/uploaded_images/non-research%20images/JGao_new.jpg?h=1b1c354d&amp;amp;itok=DDy9VOLr" width="300" height="300" alt="Professor Jun Gao" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive"&gt;


&lt;/div&gt;
      
  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-surname field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Last name&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Gao&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-given-name field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;First name&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Jun&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-position field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Position / job title&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Professor/ Principal Investigator&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-phone field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Phone&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;613-533-6788&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-email field--type-email field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Email&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;jungao@queensu.ca&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-about field--type-text-with-summary field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Âé¶¹ÍøÕ¾&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="h2"&gt;Research Interests:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Organic and polymer light emitting devices&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-office field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Office location&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;Stirling Hall 208F, Lab 130B&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-department field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Department&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;The Department of Physics, Engineering Physics &amp;amp; Astronomy&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;

  &lt;div class="field field--name-field-unit field--type-string field--label-inline"&gt;
    &lt;div class="field--label"&gt;Unit&lt;/div&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;LOPI (Laboratory of Organic Photonics and Iontronics)&lt;/div&gt;
          &lt;/div&gt;
</description>
  <pubDate>Thu, 21 Oct 2021 15:13:51 +0000</pubDate>
    <dc:creator>owhdig</dc:creator>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">48 at /lopiwww</guid>
    </item>
<item>
  <title>Âé¶¹ÍøÕ¾</title>
  <link>/physics/lopi/node/46</link>
  <description>
&lt;span&gt;Âé¶¹ÍøÕ¾&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang about="/physics/lopi/users/owhdig" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype&gt;owhdig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span&gt;&lt;time datetime="2021-10-18T16:04:05-04:00" title="Monday, October 18, 2021 - 16:04"&gt;Mon, 10/18/2021 - 16:04&lt;/time&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

      &lt;div class="field field--name-field-paragraphs-top field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;
                                                        

        

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                            &lt;/div&gt;
                                                    &lt;div class="super-title"&gt;Explore the fundamental sciences and applications of mixed conductor devices&lt;/div&gt;
                                            &lt;div class="slide-title"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Organic Photonics and Iontronics&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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                        &lt;div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden container field--item"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Our research on organic photonics and iontronics straddles the boundaries of condensed matter physics, device physics, photo-physics,&amp;nbsp;and solid polymer electrolytes. We use direct imaging and optical probing to explore the emerging sciences of mixed organic semiconductors in which electrons, ions and photons interact in many unexpected ways. Our multi-disciplinary research has potential applications in renewable energy, solid state lighting and energy storage.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
            
      &lt;div class="field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"&gt;
              &lt;div class="field--item"&gt;


                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                        
    
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                                    &lt;img class="w-100 lazyload" data-src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/2021-11/GraphicalAbs%20copy.jpg?h=9a2a83ac&amp;amp;itok=c8-Td3LH" alt="Laser induced BPE" data-target="#gallery-carousel-NNBHDNG" data-slide-to="11"&gt;
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                                                        &lt;img class="d-block w-100 lazyload" data-src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/image_gallery_full/public/uploaded_images/research%20images/research-celc201600056-toc-0001-m.png?itok=RNeIe2l0" alt="A planar PLEC with a single BPE disc"&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;A metal disc embedded in a planar light-emitting emitting cell functions as a bipolar electrode. Opposite doping induced from the bipolar electrode interact with doping form the driving electrode to form multiple light-emitting junctions &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Chen, S., Wantz, G., Bouffier, B., and Gao, J. (2016) Solid-state bipolar electrochemistry:polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells ChemElectroChem 3:392-398. Cover image&lt;/p&gt;
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                                                        &lt;img class="d-block w-100 lazyload" data-src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/image_gallery_full/public/uploaded_images/research%20images/research-two-planar%3DLECs.jpg?itok=jViC8xON" alt="Two planar LECs turned on in series"&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;First demonstration of extremely large planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells. The inter electrode gap size is 100 times greater than that of previously reported planar cells. In this images, two 1.5 mm cells were turned on in series. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Gao, J. and Dane, J. (2003) Planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells with extremely large interelectrode spacing Applied Physics Letters 83:3027-29&lt;/p&gt;
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                                                        &lt;img class="d-block w-100 lazyload" data-src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/image_gallery_full/public/uploaded_images/research%20images/research-planar-52-aluminum.jpg?itok=LGt97dvh" alt="A planar LEC with 52 aluminum bipolar electrodes "&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;A planar LEC with 52 parallel aluminum bipolar electrodes formed between the driving electrodes at about 5 mm apart, the emission looks uniform to the naked eye, although it came from 53 separate light-emitting p-n junctions. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Tracy, C. and Gao, J. (2005) Polymer bulk homojunction photonic devices Applied Physics Letters 87:143502&lt;/p&gt;
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                                                        &lt;img class="d-block w-100 lazyload" data-src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/image_gallery_full/public/uploaded_images/research%20images/research-TOCfigure.jpg?itok=2HJx_piW" alt="Electrochemical doping induced with a pair of biased probes"&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;A pair of biased metal probes are made contact with a mixed conductor polymer film. P- and n-doping are induced from the positively and negatively biased electrodes, respectively. The doping patterns are visible under UV illumination. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Hu, Y. and Gao, J. (2009) Direct probing of a polymer electrolyte/luminescent conjugated polymer mixed ionic/electronic conductor Journal of the American Chemical Society 131(51):18236-7&lt;/p&gt;
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                                                        &lt;img class="d-block w-100 lazyload" data-src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/image_gallery_full/public/uploaded_images/research%20images/research-sandwichLEC.jpg?itok=AybWBNBE" alt="A sandwich LEC activated with a reverse bias."&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;A sandwich light-emitting electrochemical cell emitting light under a reverse bias. The active layer is a mixture of a light-emitting polymer and a lithium salt. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Gautier, B., Wu, X., AlTal, F., Chen, S., and Gao, J. (2016) Reverse bias activation of salt-doped polymer light-emitting devices Organic Electronics 28:47-52&lt;/p&gt;
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                                                        &lt;img class="d-block w-100 lazyload" data-src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/image_gallery_full/public/uploaded_images/research%20images/research-p-n-junction.jpg?itok=v82OqZvM" alt="Local activation of a frozen planar PLEC"&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;A large planar light-emitting electrochemical cell was activated and subsequently frozen at 200 K. A pair of biased electrical probes is positioned just across the junction to cause light emission in a localized section of the long junction. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Hu, Y. and Gao, J. (2011) Direct imaging and probing of the polymer p-n junction in planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells Journal of the American Chemical Society 133(7):2227-31&lt;/p&gt;
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                                                        &lt;img class="d-block w-100 lazyload" data-src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/image_gallery_full/public/uploaded_images/research%20images/research-homojunction-planar.jpg?itok=Ezk7uPht" alt="RGB bulk homojunction planar LECs"&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;Bulk homojunction planar cells made with red, green and blue-emitting polymers. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Tracy, C. and Gao, J. (2006) Polymer bulk homojunction light-emitting electrochemical cells Journal of Applied Physics 100:104503 &lt;/p&gt;
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                                                        &lt;img class="d-block w-100 lazyload" data-src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/image_gallery_full/public/uploaded_images/research%20images/research-polymer-homojunction.jpg?itok=v3aJPlB2" alt="A polymer bulk homojunction LEC"&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;A planar cell containing dispersed conductive particles that functioned as bipolar electrodes. The activated cell is a bulk homojunction containing thousands of tiny light-emitting p-n junctions in the bulk. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Tracy, C. and Gao, J. (2005) Polymer bulk homojunction photonic devices Applied Physics Letters 87:143502&lt;/p&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;A frozen planar light-emitting electrochemical cell emits under both forward and reverse bias-a highly unusual discovery. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Wang, D., Hu, S., and Gao, J. (2021) Temperature Hypersensitive Organic Electroluminescence in a Reverse Biased, Frozen Polymer Pâ€“Iâ€“N Junction. Advanced Optical Materials. 2101033&lt;/p&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;A bilayer light-emitting electrochemical cell with separate light-emitting polymer and polymer electrolyte layers. Ion transport across the two layers leads to doping and junction formation. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Birdee, K., Hu, S., and Gao, J. (2020)&amp;nbsp;Strong Doping and Electroluminescence Realized by Fast IonTransport through a Planar Polymer/Polymer Interface in Bilayer&amp;nbsp;Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells&amp;nbsp;ACS Applied Materials &amp;amp; Interfaces. 12: 46381-46389&lt;/p&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;A large planar light-emitting electrochemical cells with a horizontal array of bipolar electrodes made with gold, silver or aluminum. The calculated n/p doping area ratio for all three metals converges to a single value. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;Hu, S. and Gao, J. (2019). Dynamic Bipolar Electrode Array for Visualized Screening of Electrode Materials in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. ACS Applied Materials &amp;amp; Interfaces. 11: 1117-1124.&lt;/p&gt;
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                                                        &lt;img class="d-block w-100 lazyload" data-src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/styles/image_gallery_full/public/2021-11/GraphicalAbs%20copy.jpg?itok=hNP0iBg7" alt="Laser induced BPE"&gt;
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                                                                                                        																																										&lt;p&gt;A focused laser beam induces bipolar electrochemical doping in a biased planar light-emitting electrochemical cell. &lt;/p&gt;
														
																													&lt;p class="photo-credit"&gt;AlTal, F. and Gao, J. (2018) Laser-Induced Bipolar Electrochemistryâ€”On-Demand Formation of Bipolar Electrodes in a Solid Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140 (30):9737-9742.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div class="paragraph paragraph--type--extra-body paragraph--view-mode--default"&gt;
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        &lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="h3"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Recent Publications&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Goyal, A., Wang, D. and Gao, J. (2023) Extremely large polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells with concentric circular electrodes&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Advanced Materials Technologies&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;2300824 &lt;em&gt;Editor's Choice&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Wang, D. and Gao, J. (2023) Electrical treeing and luminescence in a polymer p-n junction under extreme reverse bias&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Optical Materials&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;137:113524&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Tong, C., Goyal, A., Wang, D. and Gao, J. (2022) Visualizing the effects of salt concentration in planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Electrochimica Acta&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;423:140574&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Hu, S., Yeh, HW, and Gao, J. (2021) Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells with ultraslow salt content: performance enhancement through synergetic chemical and electrochemical doping actions. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials Chemistry Frontiers.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;5: 1847&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Wang, D., Hu, S., and Gao, J. (2021) Temperature Hypersensitive Organic Electroluminescence in a Reverse Biased, Frozen Polymer Pâ€“Iâ€“N Junction. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Advanced Optical Materials&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. 2101033&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Birdee, K., Hu, S., and Gao, J. (2020)&amp;nbsp;Strong Doping and Electroluminescence Realized by Fast IonTransport through a Planar Polymer/Polymer Interface in Bilayer&amp;nbsp;Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ACS Applied Materials &amp;amp; Interfaces&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. 12: 46381-46389&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Hu, S. and&amp;nbsp;Gao, J. (2020).&amp;nbsp;Shaping Electroluminescence with a Large, Printed Bipolar&amp;nbsp;Electrode Array: Solid Polymer Electrochemical Cells with&amp;nbsp;Over a Thousand Light-Emitting pâ€“n Junctions. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ChemElectroChem.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;7: 1748-1751.&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Hu, S. and&amp;nbsp;Gao, J. (2020). Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Bipolar Electrode-Dynamic Doping and Wireless Electroluminescence. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advanced Functional Materials&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. 30 (33): 1907003. Invited review article.&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

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                                                    &lt;h3&gt;Our research is funded by:&lt;/h3&gt;
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                                &lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="Funding Logos" class="img-fluid" data-entity-type="image" data-entity-uuid="0" height="604" src="/physics/lopi/sites/lopiwww/files/uploaded_images/FundingLogos.jpg" width="277" loading="lazy"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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                                                    &lt;h3&gt;Open Positions&lt;/h3&gt;
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                                &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="alert alert-secondary p-5"&gt;&lt;a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="abaf05ff-afa1-44f2-a983-af6a039b1731" href="/physics/lopi/group-members/openings" title="Openings"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#1f3a60;"&gt;Positions are available with LOPI group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

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